Lighting apparatus



E. A. HAWTHORNE. LIGHTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED IuNE 5, 1917.

1,356,145. l 5 Patented 001e.y 19", 1920.

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LIGHTING APPARATUS. I i APPLICATION FILED JUNE 5. 1911.- 1,356,145. Patented oen 19,1920.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

nLLswoRTn A. HAWTHORNE, kor BRTDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT.

LIGHTING APPARATUS.

nasales.

Specification of Letters'atent. Patented Oct. i9, 1920.

Application filed .Tune 5, 1917. Serial No..173',027.

out off more or less of the light raysl at will, in accordance withV the needs of the iliarticular circumstances, especially in ,a lamp of the type in which a parabolic re'-` flector is associated with the light source. .ll-ly invention is more particularly concerned with a lamp of this type `having'meansffor quickly and conveniently adjusting the lightcontrolling shield so that more or less of the surface of the reflector maybe out olf or shielded from the light source at-will. y

lily invention will be best understood by reference to the following description, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings of several specific' embodiments thereof, while its scope will be more par-` ticularl f Dointed out in the a J )ended claims.

T 5 Y in the drawings: f Figure 1 is a central, longitudinal sectional view ot one form `of lighting appa-z p t s embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view kof some of the parts shown in Fig. v1 upon an enlarged. scale, illustrating the shield iny one position of adjustment; f

Fig. 3 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 2, but showing the shield in another position;

Fig. l is a sectional view on line 4 4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a sectional view on line 5--5 of Fig. 2; l f p l Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view, showing a modification of the adjustablestopto limit the inward movement of the shield.

` Fig; 7 is a detail sectional view of another modification of the adjustable stop forthe shield; v

Fig. 8 is adetail sectional view of stillv another adjustable stop forVr the shield;

Fig. 9 is a detail elevationof a modification Vof the shield-adjusting.sliding rodvor plunger; `f

Fig. 10 is a sectionall view of a fourth.

modification of the adjustable stop `for the shield-adjusting means; and

Fig. 11 is a detailfsectional view on line 11-11 of Fig. 10. i y H Referring to Figs. 1 to 5, inolusive,of the drawings, and to the embodiment ofgmy in vention which is therein illustrated, I have shown a lighting apparatus comprising a suitable light source 12, hereinan incandescent electric bulb associated with a coper:

ating reflector 13, preferably of the parabolic type, and both mounted withina suitable ycasing comprising a bodylfl and a door or bezel 15, thelatter serving as a mounting for an appropriate glazing or light-transmitting element 16.( In the illustrated ap-,x

paratus, the bulb 12 is'v mounted inY a socket tube 17, the latter extending in a rearward direction through a handle 18 forming' a part of the lamp casinL ing a means for axially adjusting and focusing the light source 12 with relation to-its reflectorv 13, and also serving as amounting for av switch 19 having an operating handle 2() at the rear of the handle 18.

Associated with. the light source 12 is a suitable shield 21 for controlling the light rays. This shield 'may be of any suitable construction, but herein has a ysomewhat cup-like form and has a ytubular portion 22 of such dimensions as to receive the bulb 12. As herein shown, a part 'ofthe cylindrical portion l22 is out away as at 23, so thatfsome by the cylindrical portion 25,]and is thusv supported and held in anialalinement with the Abulb 12. y

As already stated, the shield 2l is mounted for axial adjustment with relation to the reflector 13. Preferably, also, it is mounted for adjustment so that it may be turned about its axis, thereby to bring the interrupted portion 23 of' the shield vinto co-y g, said tube .constitut-A of the light rays will at alltimes reach that operation with any desired portion of the reflector. To the end that these adjustments may be quickly and conveniently effected, I have herein provided adjusting means comprising a longitudinally slidable rod or plunger 26, secured to the shield 21 and extending in a forward direction through the glazing to the exterior of the lamp where it is provided with a suitable handle 27, by means of which it may be manipulated. The shield 21 may be secured to the plunger 26 in any suitable manner, but herein the latter is reduced at its rear end to provide a shoulder 28, and onto this reduced portion the shield 21, whichis perforated for this purpose, is brought against the shoulder, after which it is fastened in place Vby any suitable means. Herein the inner end of the plunger 26 is provided with a recess 29, and the metal about the edge of this recess is spun or riveted down to form a flange 30, which firmly holds the shield 21 in fixed position against the shoulder 28. The recess 29 has the further advantage of providing a chamber to receive a usual spur or tip 31 of the bulb 12 to prevent the same from becoming broken, as might otherwise be the case due to the end of the plunger 26 striking the tip.

The plunger 26 may be guided by any suitable means, but herein I have provided for this purpose means including a bushing 32 encircling the plunger and extend ing through a perforation in the glazing 16. This bushing may be secured in its place by any appropriate means, such for example as a nut 34 encircling and having screw-threaded engagement with the busli ing, while the latter is provided with a flange 35 constituting an abutment. By turning the nut 34 in the proper direction, the glazing 16, which is interposed between the nut and the flange, is clamped between them. If desired, I may provide suitable yielding` washers 36 and 37 of appropriate material such as fiber to form a tightjoint,

and to prevent the bushing from turning in the glazing. These washers may be cemented in place if desired when the parts are assembled, but in practice I have found this to be unnecessary.

The bushing 32 may also serve as a coni venient means for securing the shield 24 in its place, and to that end the lattei is centrally perforated in order that it may be slipped onto the bushing and brought against the flange 35, so that when assembled it is interposed between said flange and the innerwasher 37. In this way, the shield 24 can be clamped against the washer 37 and held rigidly7 in its proper position.

If desired, the shield 24 may be interlecked with the bushing 82 by providing the flange 35 with a notch 38 best shown in Fig. 5 to receive a key or lug 39 formed on the shield 24. lVhen these parts are thus assembled and interlocked, the cylindrical portion 25 of the shield 24 may be grasped and held, thereby to hold the bushing 32 against turning movement while the nut 34 is being turned, to assemble the latter with the bushing. To facilitate turning the nut, the latter may be and herein is provided with a flange 40, having one er more notches 41 to receive a suitable Spanner or other tool.

The plunger 26 is Vpreferably cylindrical and may therefore be moved axially as well as turned within the bushing 32 for the 'purpose of adjusting the shield 21. As a means for securing the shield in the desired position of adjustment, I have herein provided frictional clamping means encircling the plunger 26, said means herein including a split clamping ring 42 and a nut 43, the latter having screw-threaded engagement with the outer surface of the nut 34. The clamping ring 42 may be formed of any other suitable material, but I prefer to employ a hard liber which I have found best suited to the purpose. As a means for forcibly contracting this ring and causing the same to grip or clamp the plunger 26, I have herein provided the ring 42 and nut 43 with cooperating` inclined or wedge-like surfaces 44 and 45, preferably of frustoconical form, and have similarly provided the ring 42 and the nut 34 with frusto-conical. surfaces 46 and 47. The best angle now known to me for these surfaces is 30 degrees to the aXis of the ring. By turning the nut 43 in one direction, the clamping ring 42 is contracted and caused to bind or grip the plunger 26, and thus to hold the latter in the desired position of adjustmentv y When, however, the nut is turned in the opposite direction, the ring is loosened and the plunger may then be moved axially or turned to carry the shield 21 to the desired position, after which the nut 43 is operated to clamp the plunger once more. To facilitate turning the nut 43 by means of the lingers, its circumferential surface may be knurled as shown in Fig. 1.

lVhile a perfectly smooth cylindrical plunger such as the plunger 26 gives entirely satisfactory results in practice if desired, I may provide a plunger 26 as shown in Fig. 9, having shallow grooves or corrugations 48 extending lengthwise of the plunger and serving to increase the resistance to turning movement of the plunger in its clamping ring.

lll/'hen the shield 21 is adjusted to its eX- treme forward position, as illustrated in Fig. 3it may, and preferably does recede entirely into the shield 24. Under these circumstances, the latter serves as a means to cut ofi direct rays from the bulb 12 to the glazing 16. Theshield 25, however, cuts off no rays from the reflector 13. lVhen the shield 21 is moved in'a rearward direction from the position shown in Fig. 3, however, it

will gradually cut off more and more of the rays from the reflector 13, until it reaches its extreme rearward position. lAs a means for preventing the shield 21 from touching the reflector 13, and thereby possibly injuring the highly polished surface of the latter, I have herein provided suitable means to limit the rearward movement of said shield, such means yherein vconsisting of the handle 27, to whichI have hereinbefore referred as being secured to the plunger 26. In assembling the lamps, it is found that owing to slight variations in dimensions of certain parts, it is desirable to provide adjustable means to limitthe inward movement of the shield21.I To this end, in the form of my invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, I haveshown the stop 27 in the form of a nut encircling and having screw -threaded engagement with the plunger 26. By turning the nut in one direction or the other, the inward limit of movement of the shield 21 may be determined with great accuracy. When thus adjusted, the nut-27 may be secured by any suitable means, as'for` example a locking screw 419 extending through a perforation 50 in the forward end of the nut 27, and threaded axially into the plunger 26. By slightly loosening this screw, the nut 27 may be turned and adjusted and again locked by means of the locking screw. To f facilitate the turning of the nut 27, the circuinferential surface of the latter'may be knurled, as illustrated in Fig; 1. l

vReferring now to Fig. 6, I have there shown a modification of the means for adjustably limiting inward movement of the shield-'adjusting plunger.`- InA this form, a plunger 51 is provided with a reduced portion 52, onto which is` threaded a nut 53. A set-screw 511, threaded into the nut `53 and bearing against the reduced portion 52 of the plunger 51, serves as a means to secure the 'nut 53 in the selected position of adjustment. f

Referring now to Fig. 7, I have there shown another modification iny kwhich a plunger 55 is provided with a threaded portion 56 to receive a nut 57, and is provided also with a smooth cylindrical portion 58 against which a set screw 59 actsy to hold the nut 57 against turning movement. By simply loosening the set screw, the nut may be kturned and adjusted to the proper position, after which it is secured in the desired position of adjustment by screwing the set screw 59 against the terminal portion 58.

Referring to Fig. 8, I have there show another modification, in which a plunger 60 is provided ,with a stop 61 in the'form of a collar mounted to slide axially von the plunger and carrying a key 62 sliding in a key-way 63 formed in said plunger. By

' this means, the collar is held against turntion, the collar 61 may be shifted axiallyy along the plunger r60, thereby to determine they extent of inward movement of vthe latter.

' Referring to Figs. 10 and 11, I have there shown still another modification, in which a plunger 67 is provided with an adjust-` able stop ,consisting of a collar 68, the latter being provided with a threaded stem 69 screwed into acorrespondingly threaded recess70 in the end of the plunger. The stem69 is prolonged to form an expanding sleeve 7 1 having one or more lengthwise slits 72.` This sleeve has a snug sliding fit in a cylindrical recess 73 within the plunger 67 and may be expanded and caused to bind therein byr suitable means, such as a screw 7 el. The latter is herein threaded axially into the stem ,69, and is provided with atapered shank 75, disposed within a vcorrespondingly tapered hole 76 in the expanding sleeve 71. A slight turn of the screw in the proper direction will cause the sleeve 71 to be expanded and thereby to grip the internal surface of the chamber 73 to secure the collar 68 in fixed vposition. with relation to the plunger 67. A slight turn of the screw in the opposite direction will free the collar and allow the latter to be adjusted by turning the same to the desired position, after which it is again secured.

While I have herein shown vand described several forms or embodiments of my invention for illustrative purposes, and have disclosed and discussed in detail the constructions and arrangements incidental to sev eral specific applications thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is limited neither to the mere'details or relative arrangements of parts, nor to its specific embodiments hereinv shown, but that extensive deviations from the illustrated forms to said reflector, a casing inclosing said parts, said casing including a glazing ex-` tending across the front thereof, guiding means for said shield including a bushing extending through said glazing, said bushing having a smooth bore, securing means carried by said bushing for securing it to said glazing, means to adjust said shield including a member having a rotary and forward and backward sliding movement through the bore of said bushing, clamping means carried by said securing means for holding said member in adjusted position, and adjustable means carried by said inember arresting its backward sliding movement while permitting its rotary movement.

2. in a lighting app ratus, the combination of a light source, a cooperating reflector associated therewith, a shield for shielding a part of the surface of said reflector from the rays of light from said light source, a casing inclosing said parts, said casing including a glazing extending across the front thereof, forward and backward sliding means to adjust said shield forward and backward, and means including a screw and a nut carried by said sliding means to limit the movement of said shield toward said reflector.

3. ln a lighting apparatus, the combination of a light source, a coperating reflector associated therewith, a shield for shielding a part of the surface of said reflector from the rays of light from said light source, a casing inclosing said parts, said casing including a glazing extending across the front thereof, forward and backward sliding means to adjust said shield forward and backward and means adjustably to limit the backward movement of said shield, including a nut having screwfthreaded engagement with said sliding means and a screw to hold said nut in the desired position of adjustment, said screw being disposed coaxially with relation to said nut.

4l. ln a lighting apparatus, the combination of a light source, a cooperating reflector associated therewith, a rotatable and longitudinally slidable shield to shield apart of saidrefiector from the rays of said light source, said shield having a cut-away portion on one side to permit passage of rays to said reiiector, avcasing inclosing said parts, said casing including a glazing extending across the front thereof, guiding means for said shield including a bushing extending through said glazing, said bushing having a smooth bore, washers carried by said bushing on opposite sides, respectively, of said glazing, a nut carried by said bushing to secure said bushing and washers to said glazing, means to adjust said shield including a member having a rotary and forward and backward sliding movement through the bore of said bushing, and clamping means carried by said nut and bushing for holding said member in adjusted position.

o. in a lighting apparatus, the combination of a light source, a cooperating reflector associated therewith, a rotatable and longitudinally slidable shield to shield a part of said reflector from the rays from said light source, said shield having a cut-away portion on one side to permit passage of rays to said reiiector, a casing inclosing said parts, said casing including a glazing extending across the front thereof, guiding means for said shield including a bushing extending through said glazing, said bushing having a smooth bore, washers carried by said bushing on opposite sides, respectively, of said glazing, a nutcarried by said bushing to secure said bushing and washers to said glazing, means to adjust said shield ineludii g a. member having a rotary and forward and backward sliding movement through the bore of said bushing, said nut having a. taperec bore surrounding said member, a wedge member in said bore acapted to be pressed against said member for holding it in adjusted position, and means carried by said nut for holding said wedge member in clamping position.

In testimonywhereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

i LLSVORTH A. HAWTHORNE. 

